Patterns In Plant Distribution Along The Shore To Land Gradient On A Coastal Beach Essay Example for Free

Patterns In Plant Distribution Along The Shore To Land Gradient On A Coastal Beach Essay The plants pattern distribution along the shore to land gradient on coastal beaches is relatively in species diversity because many plants are not adapted to the harsh environmental conditions which include slat spray, sand movement and dry nutrients poor substances. However, some plants survive and nourish well in the coastal environment especially the colonizing species which are important to the early stabilization of freshly deposited sediments. For example, the American beach grass and dune sand bur grass which are pioneer colonist in diversity and are distributed along the coastal. They stabilize and initiate dunes (Cheplick 113). Annual grass species are relatively abundant in the coastal ecosystems making them denser in pattern and are well distributed. Along the shores due to disturbance by sand movements and other geographical factors there is a mixture of exotic frasses brought by water movements or waves and natives as dune sand bur grass. Beaches are commonly dominated by native perennial grasses that are the American beach grass whish is scientifically known as Ammophilia breviligulata. Typically it co exists with other annual grasses and herbs in the pioneer zones. There are no fully developed fore dune as in the case of Dune sand bur along the stated island shore, however there is a small distribution pattern along the shores. The American beach grass is more densily distributed along the beach especially at, Midland beach and does not have liable seeds due to its seed dispersion (Cheplick 147). The purple sand grass and grab grass which are annual are also abundant, but they are not near along the shores due to their mode a deed dispersion which mainly is through animal activities. Due to extensive sand stabilization plantings the American beach grass dominating fore dunes along the shores in the coastal regions of the stated island. For this species colonizing shore line habitats are resistant to most human activities. Most species that are offshore are not well distributed due to disturbance of human activities which are more. Due to more sand deposits along the shores I can suggest that it is a contributing factor as to where the grasses have a much bigger colonization succession. Annual plants along the coastal regions are more prolific seed producers and important to the colonization of bare dune substrates. However, where they are already established on dune building and their abundances in the pioneer zones along the coastal beaches natural anthropogenic disturbances are rampant. This contributes to dune formation. There is difficulty in survival and also managing nourishments and other self gain human activities (Cheplick 158). The purple grass dominates areas where human activities have taken place where they cover land, by casual observation because of the impact the activities have on plants. This purple grass colonizes mainly the urban areas, meaning where other grass types do not flourish due to negative impacts of human activities, it tends to have a good potential. It is densely distributed on the urban shorelines. Because of shorter distances, or good proximity to the shores which earlier we saw that there are sand deposits due to geographical factors, the purple grass distribution pattern spreads in high density on the parts of the beach farthest from shore (Cheplick 185). Their growth, survival and reproduction pattern spreads widely from the shore on condition that the intraspecific densities are not high enough to negatively impact its distribution. Conclusion In conclusion species composition and density in the plant community vary with the increasing distances from the coastal shore lines. There are various factors that contribute to this. There is a chain of circumstantial events from seed dispersal through seedlings establishment and subsequent survival. For instance for the purple-grass, seeds are dispersed and incorporated into the sand substrates (Cheplick 188). Annual plant communities of the coastal ecosystems exist in both inter-specific and intra-specific interactions and relations. The purple grass and dune sand bur grass are common along the shore of Staten Island in New York. The purple grass, due to its seed maturity within leaf sheaths along tillers, they are heavier seeds. Hence with larger production of seeds sand bur tend to be more distributed than the purple grass. Hence the differences in the seed dispersibility of seeds, their sizes favors in the coastal ecosystems. From studies and casual observations as evident a biotic factors as sand deposition, drought, nutrient deficiency and salt spray impacts negatively on the coastal ecosystems especially those plants with lower adaptability rates and survival rates. Competition between species and inter-specific relations or interactions has influence and plants growth patterns and rates. Also reproduction and seed dispersion is affected especially in dunes annual plants (Cheplick 247). Anthropogenic activities and natural geographical patterns on fore dunes and beaches probably have favored annual plants evolution. Successive species along the shorelines is the ability to mature seeds fast and establish seedlings under harsh coastal environments. Larger seeds may be more adaptive in coastal ecosystems, resulting in better chances and more density in distribution (Cheplick 296).

La Traviata :: essays research papers

La Traviata A Commentary The film â€Å"La Triviata† displayed a fundamental romantic attack on conventional bourgeois morals, arguing that a good heart is more important than social acceptance, that the distinctions which split the beau monde (socially elite) from the demimonde (courtesans) are harsh and hypocritical, and that true love must triumph over all. Alfredo’s father destroyed this relationship when he pays visit to Violetta and request she break off the relationship with his son. Alfredo’s sister is engaged to be married, but if word of his affair with Violetta were to get out, the engagement would be terminated. During this time even the most respectful families would not even want to associate with another family in which one of the members was entangled with such a sinful person. This demonstrates that marriage is viewed as a business arrangement put together by families, rather than by the love between two people. Like the characters in the film, women in the 19th century didn’t have many choices in life. They were expected to get married and be supported by a husband. For those few who didn’t sometimes became prostitutes or if they were lucky, courtesans. Any woman who slept with a man before marriage was thought to be â€Å"ruined† (unfit to wed), and should be shunned as a social outcast. For many such women prostitution was a means of survival. Violetta represents the extent of female independence in the 19th century. She uses men to ‘survive’ by accepting gifts and money, but she is not trapped in the legal repression of marriage. Violetta’s life is filled with parties and wealthy male companions provide her with far more excitement in life than would the traditional role of marriage. However, Violetta’s choice is misleading, for she knows that a woman in this time can’t go against tradition without facing severe repercussions. Contradictions and hypocrisy was prevalent between the lives and values of the bourgeois gentlemen. Prostitution and gambling were extremely popular and widespread, at the same time they were being publically condemned. Men were expected to have mistresses whom they supported financially; but they were expected to conceal that fact, and they were expected not to fall in love with them.

The Beattles

In June of 1956, John Lennon met Paul McCartney for the first time. Nobody ever dreamed that John and Paul would have the success that they had. John Lennon and Paul McCartney along with George Harrison and Richard Starkey (Ringo Starr) became known as the greatest and the most influential rock musicians in the world. The Beatles, whose music has been played by prestigious symphonies around the world and has been sung by renowned singers such as Frank Sinatra and Tony Bennett, were a vibrant moving force of the 1960’s; they permanently changed the course of music and soundly influenced the lives of future generations. To get an idea of how much the Beatles helped shape the following generations’ lifestyles, one must look at the lifestyle and the music before the Beatles. The music the Beatles played, â€Å"Rock and Roll,† had already established itself as a popular form of music to American teenagers. Derived from the black’s â€Å"Rhythm and Blues,† rock and roll was made popular by performers such as Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, and Bill Haley. Though rock and roll had been around for about ten years before the Beatles became famous, it was still a relatively new form of music that had plenty of potential. The Beatles were elevated from obscurity by utilizing the music’s potential. The lifestyle of the fifties was slowly changing. The American public was beginning to accept the possibility of a â€Å"working class hero†. Films such as â€Å"Saturday Night and Sunday Morning† and â€Å"The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner,† which portrayed working class protagonists, became overnight successes. The Beatles, who were definitely working class, were the ultimate rags to riches story. As the fifties drew to a close, the Beatles were on a path that forever changed history. The Beatles’ success was not immediate. In 1960 the Beatles, who consisted of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe (guitarist), and Pete Best (drummer), made their first trip to Hamburg, Germany. Although the trip wasn’t a success, the second trip to Hamburg as a backing group to Tony Sheridan was more successful. The Beatles returned home in June of 1961 and found that more and more people would come to see their performances. Though popular and drawing large audiences, the Beatles were refused by Decca, Pye, Columbia, HMV, and EMI, all prominent recording companies. The emergence of the Beatles’ popularity can be traced to the help of two people: the determination of Brian Epstein, their manager, and the foresight of George Martin, their producer. Brian Epstein, a record store owner, was a novice at the manager business. Through his raw determination, he was able to meet up with George Martin. George knew the record business, and he pulled some strings to let the Beatles record. Their first release, â€Å"Love Me Do,† only reached the number seventeen position on the charts; however, that was the start of an illustrated career for John, Paul, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, who replaced Pete Best as drummer in August of 1962. Beatlemania was the term that described the hysteria resulting from the Beatles’ rise. The Beatles were breaking attendance records all over Europe. Following every performance were reports of girls that had become injured in their attempts just to see the boys. By the end of 1963, the Beatles had five songs that had reached number one in Britain. Looking for new directions to expand, the Beatles looked across the ocean to America. When the Beatles touched down in New York in February 1964, they knew they had come to the right place as ten thousand screaming fans fought to see them. During the Beatles stay in Manhattan, at least a dozen girls were injured trying to catch sight of the boys. During their concerts, there was so much noise that the audience drowned out the performers. Any movement by an individual Beatle would cause added screaming by rows and rows of young females. This kind of reaction would plague the group at any performance they did. The Beatles popularity became the point of many debates. At one point in August 1966, John claimed that the Beatles were even more popular than Jesus. Though he apologized for it later, he was correct in analyzing their popularity. It seemed as if anything the Beatles said or did would affect the whole society. One major effect that they had on society was the drug influence of their music. Taking drugs became the â€Å"in† thing to do. The press went into an uproar when they found out the initials to the Beatles’ â€Å"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds† was LSD, a popular but addicting drug. Another song, â€Å"Day in the Life,† was banned by the BBC and some United States radio stations because of alleged drug allusions. Drugs were becoming a way of life for many teenagers. In late 1966, the Beatles decided that they would do no more concerts. Many thought that this would lead to a drop in their popularity. The media was soon proved wrong when their next album, â€Å"Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band,† became an instant hit. Anything the Beatles touched turned to gold. John Lennon’s first book, In His Own Write, was a million seller. The Beatles could do nothing that wouldn’t sell. As time went on, however, the Beatles began to pursue their own individual tastes. When Brian Epstein committed suicide in August of 1967, the Beatles began their long decline. The Beatles began to rot from within. The TV film, â€Å"Magical Mystery Tour,† was a complete failure. George Harrison took studying in India very seriously. John’s marriage to Cynthia broke down, and he began to see Yoko Ono. All four started to do musical work without the other three. They were having serious financial trouble with their own recording company, Apple Records. By 1969, the Beatles were in deep trouble. It came as only a mild surprise to most people when Paul McCartney decided to quit the group in April of 1970. Paul claimed personal differences existed with John and with Allen Klein, their financial advisor. Though at first the split was claimed as temporary, the world began to understand that the Beatles would never exist anymore. When asked just what he was going to do now that he was breaking from the group, he replied: â€Å"My only plan is to grow up. † By 1970 though, the Beatles had already made a huge impact on society. A revolutionary group responsible for bombing three business buildings called themselves â€Å"Revolutionary Force 9† which was derived from â€Å"Revolution Number 9,† an eight-minute collage of noises from the Beatles’ White Album. Another influence was in the youth churches where a yellow submarine was made a symbol of love. The yellow submarine, from a movie and a song of that name, was described as a ‘a place where they loved each other in a groovy way and got strength to do battle with the Blue Meanies. It also shows that a church has to have flexibility and maneuverability. ’ Though the Beatles were gone, their influence remained. The Beatles have influenced people in ways never dreamed of. Their music was even blamed for the Charles Manson murders in Southern California. Their style of music changed the way the music industry had worked; most groups now perform their own original material, which was very uncommon in the late fifties and early sixties. The Beatles’ constant preaching of love has changed a whole generation’s thinking, and may have helped to bring an end to the Vietnam War. Their drug taking and radical approach to life has caused some people to take the Beatles’ philosophy wrongly and to think that some terrorist activity was acceptable. Others have taken what the Beatles said as gospel and formed new religions. However people reacted to the Beatles didn’t matter; it was just significant that people were reacting, and therefore were being influenced in some manner by the Beatles. The Beatles, the greatest rock band ever to exist, does not record as a group anymore, but their influences will continue for years as the youth of each generation listens to the music that changed the world. â€Å"Hey Jude† â€Å"Hey Jude† is such a monumental favorite, I am almost dissuaded from touching it because of the pressure to say something profound. It is such a good illustration of two compositional lessons: how to fill a time with simple means, and how to use diverse elements such as harmony and orchestration to articulate form and contrast. I think that the fact that the song was written by Paul McCartney to Julian Lennon during the breakup of John and Julia’s mom, Cynthia, adds a new dimension to the appreciation of it but, as have been observed with respect to the fact of John’s having written â€Å"Julia† in honor of his own mother, the effect that each song has upon someone would be hardly diminished if for some reason were to remain oblivious to the biographical background of either. For me, the main message here is to be found in the first half, the imperative to now pursue one’s destined love the minute either you have found him/her, or he/she has found you. I do believe that once you internalize that much, the transcendent, blissful joy of the second half falls right into place. â€Å"Yesterday† This song is so well established in the pop-cultural subconscious that it is difficult to relate to it objectively, no less say something new and insightful about it. As is often the case with the over-exposed war horses of any artsy genre, whether or not you like this song, there is some good reason why it became so over-exposed in the first place. It is a fine piece of work with something going for it in virtually every detail. By the same token, one should not be fooled by whatever unique and interesting factors surrounding the song’s history and production into thinking of it as more unique and different than it is. Especially if you can step around the self-pitying lyrics for a moment (Paul possibly taking a lesson from George, for a change) you will find this song to actually lie along the same compositional and moody lines of the other hymn or anthem-like ballads which so vividly characterize some of Paul’s highest achievements. Love Me Do† Granted, by itself, â€Å"Love Me Do† is hardly the blockbuster of which legendary careers are made. In fact, it is tempting at first blush to dismiss this one as too simple and even unappealing. After all, we have what must be very nearly the skimpiest Lennon/McCartney lyric ever, but just beneath the surface, you find not also that certain bristling intensity in their voices, but also a great deal of stylistically prophetic, especially i n regards to the phrasing, the vocal harmonies, and the modal melody. The most intriguing aspect to this intuitive innovation of the early Beatles is the question of how much of it was motivated by intentional originality and how much a by-product of less-than-entirely-adept emulation of their derivative influences. It is quite a serious question, the answer to which has nothing to do with the relative merit of the final product itself.

Creating A New Cyber Force - 1182 Words

1. Today, there is a new battlefield domain where a keyboard and mouse are the new weapons of conflict. With land, sea, air and space in the background, warfare has entered a fifth domain: cyber. In this position paper, using a pro and con format, the debate on whether or not the Department of Defense (DoD) should create a new, independent branch for cyber will be discussed. To do this, the following will examine both sides of debate by highlighting two main points: the elimination of duplication of effort and the intensive resources required to make the transition. Finally, a look into a larger talent pool will be explored to highlight the largest benefit of creating a new Cyber Force. It is this paper’s stance that the DoD should create a separate structure in order to meet the new domain’s unique demands. 2. To better understand this topic, a brief background on cyber warrants a closer look. President Obama concluded as early as 2009 that the nation’s digital infrastructure of networks and computers that we depend on should be treated as a strategic national asset.1 With the former head of security at Microsoft acting as the cybersecurity tsar for the White House and General Keith Alexander, Director of the National Security Agency (NSA), leading Cyber Command (CYBERCOM), the protection of the nation’s infrastructure is finally being treated like a national security priority.2 This shift brings with it a debate on how to structure the US assets to realize itsShow MoreRelatedCyber Crime And Cyber Criminals844 Words   |  4 Pages Cyber crime is defined as any crime that involves a computer and network. Individuals, businesses and government agencies around the world constantly face threats to their medical information, consumer data, as well as company trade information and military decisions. 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This type of war was applied to Russia-Georgian conflict because of the actual hostile situation between two states that was led to the escalation and use of armed forces and dispute. Russia claims that its only intention was to â€Å"defend the lives and dignity of its citizens†, in South Ossetia and Georgia.Russia describesRead MoreModern Warfare : A Multi Threat Joint Environment1130 Words   |  5 Pagescomplexity of modern warfare makes a requirement to be able to fight in a multi-threat joint envi ronment to achieve desired effects in all domains and at all levels. The airpower, which encompasses elements operating in the Air, Maritime, Land and Cyber domains as well as Space, is one of the strongest drivers for domain integration. The airpower is the most capable means, complying to and fitted with the requirements to be a successful one in the modern Network-Centric Warfare, due to its unique